Orwell’s Establishment of Oppression in “1984”
Orwell masterfully sets the tone of oppression and control right from the opening chapters of “1984” through various literary devices and vivid descriptions:
- Physical Environment: The setting itself is bleak and austere. The description of the dilapidated, run-down surroundings of Winston Smith, the protagonist, reflects the dismal state of the society under Party rule. The crumbling buildings, lack of comfort, and scarcity of resources create a sense of deprivation and hopelessness.
- Thought Police and Surveillance: References to the omnipresent Thought Police, telescreens, and the Party’s control over every aspect of life establish an atmosphere of constant surveillance and fear. The telescreens, present everywhere including private spaces, suggest that no one is beyond the Party’s reach.
- Newspeak and Doublethink: Orwell introduces the concept of Newspeak, the Party’s language designed to limit free thought by restricting vocabulary. Doublethink, the ability to accept contradictory beliefs simultaneously, is also highlighted. These linguistic manipulations underscore the Party’s control over not just actions but also thoughts and perceptions.
- Characterization: Characters like Winston and his interactions with others, especially the cautious and guarded conversations, convey the fear and suspicion prevalent in society. Winston’s internal rebellion against the Party’s control and his fear of being discovered add to the oppressive atmosphere.
- Symbols and Slogans: Symbols like Big Brother and slogans like “War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength” are introduced early, emphasizing the Party’s manipulation of truth and reality to maintain control.
Through these elements and more, Orwell creates a suffocating and oppressive ambiance in the opening chapters, laying the foundation for the pervasive control and suppression of individuality that defines the dystopian society in “1984.”